By Herp News

Juan Santamaría International Airport. Photo by Freestylerob [dropcap]E[/dropcap]ach year millions of travelers stream through the gates of Costa Rica’s Juan Santamaría airport in route to one of the country’s many natural wonders. But often when tourists leave, a piece of the country’s biodiversity goes with them. Turtle shell bracelets, reptile-skin wallets, bird feathers and even live animals have all been snuck out of Costa Rica through the airport as souvenirs. But the uneducated tourist is just the tip of the illegal wildlife trafficking iceberg. Professional smugglers slip unknown amounts of wildlife out in passenger planes at Costa Rica’s main airport, and exporters are known to sneak illegal wildlife into legitimate commercial shipments. Wildlife traffickers of either type are rarely caught, and when a seizure is made, penalties are low. Security at the San José airport relies on x-ray machines and body searches to uncover whatever wildlife may be secreted away in suitcases, while customs officials are saddled with the enormous tasks of distinguishing souvenirs from contraband, and legal wildlife exports from fraudulent ones. In both cases, there is plenty of room for illegally transported wildlife to slip through the cracks. “Customs officials aren’t experts in particular species of animals,” explained Benito Coghi, the director of Costa Rican customs. “We know things slip through, we just don’t know the full extent.” The smugglers who get caught Last September, German tourist Maciej Oskroba headed for the check out counter at Juan Santamaría Airport carrying a bag full of dirty t-shirts, swim trunks…

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Although not common, red phase brown anoles are well documented in Florida populations.
This pretty little female brown anole visited our back deck yesterday. She caught the eye of an amorous male brown anole of normal color. As far as aberrancies go, orange headed female and all orange male brown anoles are not particularly rare. And each time I see one I am reminded of the first one I ever saw. An adult male, it was in a terrarium at a reptile dealership and had just been sold to a well-known herpetoculturist for the whopping sum of several hundred dollars. Since then I have seen a dozen or so males and about 3 times that many orange-headed females in the wild. But I was recently told that a vendor at an east coast herp expo had a number of orange phase brown anoles that he was offering at exorbitant prices.

Build it and they will come. Offer it and they will buy. And then there was P.T.Barnum’s supposed statement, but I won’t go there!

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A True Giant. This Komodo Dragon takes center stage in our Herp Photo of the day, uploaded by kingsnake.com user cowboyfromhell s! Be sure to tell them you liked it here!

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Tuatara Gallery photo with the late Rico Walder
The rare New Zealand Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) doesn’t have a penis but it may go a long way to help scientists understand phallic evolution.

Researchers at the University of Florida in Gainesville found that the tuatara develop tiny nubbins as an embryo but the development of these nubbins stalls and they never form into a proper penis. Nubbins represent an early trace of the phallic development process. This initial growth suggests the phallus developed only once throughout the evolution of mammals and reptiles, according to the UF researchers.

Their research indicates that the tuataras lost a phallus, indicating that the basic penis evolved only once.

Check out more at Wired.CO.UK
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By Herp News

Prionopelta xerosilva, named after the dry forests in which it exclusively lives in northwestern Madagascar. During a recently concluded study conducted over the last ten years, researchers from the California Academy of Sciences (CAS) working with the Madagascar Biodiversity Center (MBC) have discovered and described six new species of ants belonging to the genus Prionopelta. Commonly, known as ‘Dracula Ants’ for their unique feeding behavior, these new members of Prionopelta have been found to be tiny, ferocious social predators living within the subterranean, microscopic ecosystem of the forest floor soils in Madagascar. For much of the last decade, members of the MBC, led by entomologists Brian Fisher and Rick Overson from CAS conducted extensive sampling across Madagascar’s diverse habitat by sifting forest floor spoils to find the tiny, colorless ants. Malagasy scientists and trainees at the MBC assisted with the research and collected ants throughout the duration of the study as part of an ongoing effort to further understand, and educate others about, Malagasy biodiversity. P. laurae the smallest of the Malagasy Prionopelta, measuring around 1.5 mm in length and 0.2mm wide, is much smaller than the commonly known fruit fly, and skinner than many single-celled amoebae. Unique Sampling Method One of the main tools the team used for sample collection is the deceptively simple ‘Winkler’ trap. Organic material is gathered from the forest floor and suspended to dry in a special bag. As the organic material dries out, the natural behavior…

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A red morph specimen of Lehmann’s poison frog. Photo courtesy of Tesoros de Colombia. Lehmann’s poison frog (Oophaga lehmanni) is one of many beautiful frog species endemic to Colombia. It is has been subject to illegal trafficking for the wildlife pet trade, and is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN. Considered the “holy grail” by frog enthusiasts worldwide, this species used to be so common that it littered the ground in its native habitat. However, a German-led documentary, filmed in 2013, that aimed to find a red morph of Lehmann’s poison frog could only find a single one in a remote part of its range. The dire situation faced by this and other endangered poison frogs in the country prompted Colombian animal scientist Ivan Lozano-Ortega to start an organization with the objective of ending illegal frog smuggling and simultaneously satisfying the appetite of voracious frog collectors worldwide. After many years of negotiations the group, called Tesoros de Colombia (“Treasures of Colombia”), recently obtained the required permits from CITES and the Colombian government to legally export its captive-bred Lehmann’s poison frogs for the international hobbyist market. The first Tesoros de Colombia export – the yellow-striped poison frog. Photo courtesy of Commons Free Use Rights. Lozano-Ortega recently spoke to Mongabay about Tesoros de Colombia, which he started in 2006 with a team of other conservationists to realize his dream of saving Colombian poison frogs from extinction. Offering sustainable and legally sourced frogs is…

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The first-ever successful elimination of a fatal chytrid fungus in a wild amphibian has been revealed by scientists, marking a major breakthrough in the fight against the disease responsible for devastating amphibian populations worldwide.

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What a great Indigo field shot for our Herp Photo of the day, uploaded by kingsnake.com user ACO3124 ! Be sure to tell them you liked it here!

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Photographing herps takes practice
Photographing herps is an art form that takes many years to master. Even after many years of practice I can always find something wrong with the best pictures I have taken and, like all of you, I wish I could take better herp pictures. But I am still practicing and learning, and getting a little better each time.

A lot of photographers think you need to have the best this, or latest that, to capture that epic picture. I have a different approach than many herp photographers I see out there. No matter how nice your camera is, someone else has a better one. But it’s not the camera that makes the photograph, it’s just a tool. Even the cheapest digital cameras can take a killer picture if you learn how to use it properly and learn to work within its limitations. So my first two points for now are that even a cheap camera can capture a killer picture if you take time to learn how to use it, AND if you have the most expensive camera out there you will still find something wrong with the pictures you take and will be plagued with the desire to improve.

I will discuss herp photography more in future blogs, but in the meantime enjoy this shot I took of a Green Tree Frog, Hyla cinerea. And as you can see, even with this photo there is a lot of room for improvement, and it is important that you always see things that way when you review your own pictures! …read more
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It’s a sad sight no self-respecting reptile hobbyist wants to see. Three pet Boa constrictors, purposely frozen and then dumped along a rural road. Sheriff’s deputies in northern Wisconsin are investigating a reptile mistreatment case after the reptiles were found frozen in a tote box along a road near Irma.

The Lincoln County Humane Society says it appears no one wanted the snakes and chose to kill them by filling the tote with water and deliberately freezing them. Temperatures were well above freezing when the snakes were found this week.

With all the reptile rescues and education programs, as well as regular animal shelters, there is no need to euthanize healthy snakes in this manner. If you have a reptile you can no longer care for please make an effort to place them with a rescue organization. If you have to euthanize a sick or injured reptile, please do so humanely, and please dispose of the remains properly.

To read more, please visit Fox6Now.com

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By Herp News

Road construction crews in southeastern Nigeria have begun work on a six-lane, 260-kilometer “superhighway” in Cross River State, which Governor Ben Ayade argues will be an economic booster shot for the region. Opponents, however, worry about the effects it may have on the nearby Cross River National Park. The Oban division of Cross River National Park holds some 3,000 square kilometers of lowland rainforest. It’s a proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site and recognized as a biodiversity hotspot because of the many unique species there facing pressure from humans. Its slopes are home to important watersheds, and they hold rare and endangered animals such as forest elephants, leopards, and primates like drills and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees. Cross River National Park is also contiguous with Korup National Park across the border in Cameroon. The rarely seen and critically endangered Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli), numbering perhaps 300, inhabits a separate section of the park. The Cross River gorilla is the world’s rarest gorilla subspecies. It is found only in the forests along the Cameroon-Nigeria border. Photo in the Public Domain. The superhighway’s path is slated to cut through the park’s buffer zone. This will likely encourage communities to pick up and move there in search of greater economic opportunities, says Odey Oyama, executive director of the Rainforest Resource and Development Centre based in Cross River State. Construction of the road could have a devastating impact on that section of the forest, Oyama told mongabay.com. “If that happens, you…

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With its furry face and adorable antics, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) attracts an equally giant wave of financial support. Zoos pay the Chinese government up to $1 million each year to host pairs of pandas, and conservation groups pour millions of dollars into protecting the species. Some see this effort to save the panda from extinction as a waste of precious money that could conservationists could use to help other species. But a study published recently in Conservation Biology suggests that shielding the giant panda’s habitat also benefits many other species found only in China. “What the Chinese government has done, over the last decade or so, is to very deliberately increase the area it has set aside for nature reserves,” said Stuart Pimm, a conservation biologist at Duke University and coauthor of the paper. “I think we were very pleasantly surprised by how effective the conservation was.” A giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) climbs a tree at the Bifengxia Giant Panda Breeding and Conservation Center in Sichuan, China. Photo by Binbin Li, Duke University Pimm and his colleague Binbin Li, also at Duke University, examined maps published by the IUCN showing the rough distributions of endemic mammals, birds, and amphibians – species found only in China. Such maps can be misleading, Pimm said, because they don’t always account for limiting factors like elevation or actual availability of habitat. So he and Li trimmed the ranges of the species appropriately to create updated maps. Then they…

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Researchers have identified the fungal culprit behind an often deadly skin infection in snakes in the eastern US. The research shows that Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola is the definitive cause of snake fungal disease, which will help researchers pinpoint why it is emerging as a threat to snake populations and how its impacts can be mitigated.

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This hatching Beaded Lizard in our Herp Photo of the day, uploaded by kingsnake.com user Kevin Earley will probably break the internet with it’s cuteness! Be sure to tell them you liked it here!

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A common liana snake en situ, Peruvian Amazon.
We had looked for years with no success for a common liana snake, Siphlophis cervinus, on the Amazonian (Peru) preserves that Patti and I regularly visited. We looked high and low, in trailside trees, in shrubs, and of course on lianas but to no avail. After all, this was known to be an arboreal, nocturnal, species so we scoured and rescoured leafed branches, bare branches. bromeliad cups, you name it. If it saw above ground level and reachable by us, we looked. So where did we find our first liana snake? It was crawling busily along atop fallen wet leaves in mid-trail a fair distance from any arboreal highways on Madre Selva Biological Preserve. About 20” long the slender snake was even prettier than it pix had led us to believe. Its busy pattern, a mosaic of yellow shades on black, orange highlights on black, and black reticulations on and orange vertebral line, was nothing short of spectacular.

But this first found terrestrial example has proven to be the exception. Although we still don’t consider this species common, since the first find we have averaged one Liana snake per trip. On one trip we were lucky enough to find 2.

But when compared to the dozens of calico snakes and rainbow boas we have happened across, the common liana snake has still proven far from a common find.

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The owner of a king cobra that went AWOL for over a month in Orlando Florida is appealing a ruling that he should no longer be able to own venomous snakes.
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has ordered to revoke the “sanctuary status” of the facility, which the commission said was applied in error. The escaped king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah, went missing in early September and was not found until a month later when it turned up in a neighbor’s laundry room under a dryer.

The new details came one day after the State Attorney’s Office said the owner would be charged with three counts in connection with the venomous snake’s escape. He is charged with holding wildlife in an improper manner that caused it to escape, not maintaining proper housing and failing to report the escape immediately.

For more read the full story at UPI.COM
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By Herp News

The endangered Hyacinth Macaw is highly coveted by traffickers and collectors. Photo by Juliana M Ferreira. [dropcap]W[/dropcap]ildlife trafficking transit chains in Latin America are complex, secret, and as varied as the many common and threatened animal species targeted. After poachers illegally pluck wildlife from their habitats, the animals are passed on to middlemen, who move them along clandestine routes before selling them to anonymous consumers at home or abroad. Traffickers involved in the international trade frequently smuggle contraband across poorly secured borders into neighboring countries that lack strong trafficking laws, with the animals, or animal parts, shipped overseas from there. Routes and smuggling techniques shift regularly as traffickers play a cat-and-mouse game with enforcers. When one method is discovered by customs officials — such as sewing tiny tropical parakeets into a garment worn on a plane — smugglers contrive another to move their illegal cargo — maybe using a “mule” or local person to claim a valuable monkey as a “beloved pet” as a means of moving it across a border and into the lucrative pet trade. A parrot vendor offers the camera a big smile. Many local market dealers don’t see wildlife trafficking as wrong, and local authorities seem to agree; police often stroll through markets without making any arrests of illegal traffickers. Photo by The Photographer made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication Comprehensive data on the illegal wildlife trade in Central and South America…

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The US Department of the Interior says the Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel, one of the first species listed as endangered in the US nearly fifty years ago, is no longer at risk of going extinct. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), which worked together with states and landowners on conservation efforts to protect the species, will officially remove the squirrel from the list of Threatened and Endangered Wildlife under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) next month, according to a statement. The Delmarva fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) joins more than 30 other species that have been de-listed under the ESA after their populations recovered, including the bald eagle, American alligator and peregrine falcon. The ESA has been so successful in conserving imperiled wildlife, the FWS said, that it has prevented the loss of nearly every species that has been listed as threatened or endangered since 1973. The largest of all the tree squirrels, the Delmarva fox squirrel has silver to whitish-gray fur, an unusually fluffy tail and white belly. It is twice the size of the common gray squirrel. Mature adults can be as big as 30 inches — half of that being tail — and weigh up to 3 pounds. Delmarva Fox Squirrel. Photo by Guy Willey. Historically, the fox squirrel lived throughout the Delmarva Peninsula, formed by portions of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. Habitat loss due to logging of forests for agriculture and short-rotation timber production as well as over-hunting at the turn…

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On November 3, Cameroonian activist Nasako Besingi was convicted of four criminal counts against a controversial palm oil company operating in the country. But a coalition of environmental and human rights organizations is denouncing the charges, urging authorities to stop what they call the “repression” of Besingi and other activists. Besingi is the director of the Cameroonian NGO Struggle to Economize our Future Environment (SEFE), a group galvanizing resistance to the recent development of palm oil plantations in Cameroon by producer Herakles Farms. After three year of legal battles, he was recently convicted of two counts each of defamation and propagation of false news against the U.S. agribusiness company. He was sentenced to pay a fine of $2,400 or face up to three years in prison. But a group of six international organizations, including Greenpeace Africa and the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA), refute the legitimacy of the charges. In a statement, EIA referred to the judgment as “a great threat to freedom of expression in Cameroon.” Nasako Besingi, director of the Cameroonian NGO, SEFE, speaks during a press briefing at the National Press Club about the impacts of the Herakles Farms Palm Oil plantation development on the community and environment in his native Cameroon. The image behind him is an aerial view of one of the plantations. Photo courtesy of Greenpeace. The object of contention is a group of industrial palm oil plantations in northwest Cameroon, near its border with Nigeria. Run by Herakles Farms, a…

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The Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus) is an Endangered species. Traffickers hunt it on the banks of Nicaragua’s San Juan River. Captured birds are often transported for sale to San Salvador more than 1000 kilometers away. From there some birds are moved north through Mexico into the United States. Photo credit: Carlos Chávez. They call it the Central Market. It is the heart that breathes life into the Salvadoran capital, San Salvador. It is impossible not to feel lost in this huge maze of dealers where the purchase of almost anything is possible, ranging from “magic” potions to cure any ill, to broken jukeboxes, or wild animals, especially parrots that say “hello” inside their narrow cramped cages. No one has been able to stop illegal trafficking here. No one. In the last five years, the Salvadoran environmental police have moved in occasionally to inspect the Central Market. Nearly every raid results in the confiscation of a few species that are close to extinction, especially psittaciformes: parrots, parakeets and macaws. In April 2012, 58 birds were rescued; in March 2014, 32 more; in March 2015, 23. According to the estimations of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (known as MARN), more than 300 birds are confiscated every year. Some are released into the forest; some others are rehabilitated in an animal shelter in the west of El Salvador. No one knows how many birds and other animals escape the notice of police. Recently the MARN set up fences in San Salvador…

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The Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans) is a little-known, but common, victim of illegal wildlife trade. In 2014, at least 55,000 wild tortoises were poached from just one “trade hub” in southern India, a recent study published in Nature Conservation has uncovered. “We were most shocked at the sheer scale of the illegal trade in this species,” Neil D’Cruze, lead author from the University of Oxford and Head of Research at World Animal Protection, UK, told Mongabay. “A great deal of suffering is involved too — stuffed into sacks and suitcases, cracked shells stress and associated disease is rife and many do not survive the arduous smuggling process.” The Indian star tortoise is popular as a pet and a spiritual symbol, largely because of its striking shell that has a star-like radiating pattern of yellow and black. However, no one had taken a closer look at where the tortoises were coming from, D’Cruze said. The star tortoise is a popular pet mainly because of the attractive star-like radiating pattern on its shell. Photo by Neil D’Cruze for World Animal Protection. The star tortoise’s status in the wild was last assessed 15 years ago in 2000, he added, when it was categorized under ‘Least Concern’ on the IUCN Red List. Concerned about the tortoise’s current status in India’s wilderness — where they typically occur in grasslands and scrub forests — D’Cruze and his team initiated a 17-month investigation in two Indian states to try and find some answers. The…

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Hopefully this adorbable shot of an Elongated Tortoise in our Herp Photo of the day, uploaded by kingsnake.com user TylerStewart will help brighten your Monday! Be sure to tell them you liked it here!

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Gallery photo by user Dean Alessandrin
Police are trying to track down a Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) stolen from the Pierrelatte crocodile farm in the Drôme département of southeastern France. The monitor lizard was one of four on loan from the Barcelona Zoo where it was born in captivity.

“This is the work of an enthusiast, or at least someone who was acting on orders,” farm manager Samuel Martin

The dragon, which weighed around 12 pounds and measured 4 feet long, was the only reptile taken by the thieves who used a cloth over the lizard’s eyes to prevent it from panicking.

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By Herp News

White-faced saki monkey (Pithecia pithecia). Photo by Rhett Butler. It’s being called the “landmark” conservation policy [ThinkProgress] President Obama recently released a presidential memorandum declaring that development projects on America’s public lands, such as energy and mining, should result in in net benefit for the nation’s rivers, lands, and wildlife resources. Peru creates ‘Yellowstone of the Amazon’ [Mongabay] After more than a decade of discussion and planning, Peru on Sunday will officially designate Sierra del Divisor National Park, a 1.3 million hectare (3.3 million acre) reserve that is home to uncontacted indigenous tribes, endangered wildlife, and one of South America’s wildest landscapes. The people have spoken and SeaWorld has listened [Washington Post] What has been viewed for many years as an iconic experience at SeaWorld San Diego, will soon be no more. As a result of the ongoing public criticism, the amusement park has announced they will phase out the “theatrical” killer whale show by 2016. What’s going down in Greenland will affect us all [Grist] This major glacier in northeast Greenland started to melt rapidly in 2012 and now it’s beginning to crumble into the sea. Scientists say the glacier holds enough water to raise global sea levels by half a meter. Stream on Mendenhall Glacier. Photo by Rhett Butler. Pollution levels have turned China into an eerie doomsday scene [The Guardian] Residents of north-eastern China have locked themselves indoors after their homes were enveloped by record high levels of smog.…

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On the week of October 9th, a 10-man ranger patrol team was ambushed by wildlife poachers equipped with heavy artillery as they searched for an elephant tracking collar in Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. Most of the unit escaped, but four men were killed in the attack, bringing the ranger death toll in Garamba to eight just this year. As similar stories play out across Africa, it’s easy to see why reserve managers have turned to military technology, including drones, to combat poaching of high-value wildlife.Drones to the Rescue?The use of drones, a.k.a. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), is among of the most sophisticated of the proposed solutions to the poaching crisis, and certainly the headline-grabber. Conservationists have called for deployment of UAS’s to the front lines of the poaching crisis, in order to enhance surveillance of protected areas and detection and pursuit of elephant and rhino poachers. White rhino in Kruger National Park, South Africa, a target for poachers. Photo credit: Rhett A. ButlerRecent press coverage on the transformative nature of UAS’s to protect wildlife, however, is often misleading or thin on evidence that the devices work as intended. Unmanned Aerial Systems are complicated, and reporters are not UAS experts; reports by manufacturers of successful field applications are frequently unsubstantiated by data. These rarely consider that the deterrence resulting from applying a novel technology is likely to be short-lived, once poachers recognize the UAS’s shortcomings. These claims have thus generated confusion and unrealistic…

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A group of scientists from the University of Oxford’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) and World Animal Protection is on the prowl for new tools to help protect wild tigers. Today, they launched a competition called “Think for Tigers,” which urges anyone associated with academic institutions, NGOs, governments and tech companies to propose an “innovative idea, product or solution” that could help scientists and park personnel monitor or track tigers in the wild. Tiger and cub in the snow. Photo credit: Dave Pape, licensed under Public Domain via Commons The population of wild tigers has dwindled to a mere 3,200 individuals that are confined to four percent of their former range. The species is listed as “endangered” by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and two of the current tiger subspecies are critically endangered. Poaching, habitat loss and fragmentation, overhunting and other threats have contributed to the startling decline of the biggest of the big cats. “Tigers are in trouble. They are threatened by poaching for illegal trade, habitat loss and conflict with people. Researchers and rangers are working around the clock to protect them, but the threats are increasing and time is running out,” David Macdonald, founder and director of Wild CRU and Think for Tigers project director, said in a press release. Researchers currently depend on an array of tools and techniques to keep tabs on wild tigers, ranging from the traditional to the high tech. The tiger toolbox includes monitoring natural signs, such as…

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The world’s largest amphibian sounds like a work of fiction: virtually unchanged since the time of the dinosaurs, and reportedly growing as long as a man, the Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) is clinging to survival in the wild in a few fast-flowing rivers scattered across the highlands of China. Meanwhile, the aquaculture industry is breeding the animal in large numbers in captivity for the gourmet food market.The Chinese Giant Salamander is a fully aquatic amphibian that grows to a maximum length of 1.8 meters (almost 6 feet). More typically measuring about 1 meter (3.28 feet), it breathes through its mottled brown, rough, wrinkled skin, and has a broad, flat head, and tiny eyes. Poor eyesight means that this large animal relies heavily on smell, touch, and the sensing of vibrations — via special sensory nodes in its skin — to catch prey of fish, frogs, and insects.Females lay strings of hundreds of eggs in dens, or underwater cavities, which are then guarded by male den masters until the eggs hatch a couple of months later. Measuring just 3 centimeters (1.18 inches) long when they emerge from the egg, the salamanders grow slowly to their adult size, reaching sexual maturity when they are about 15 years old.An ancient animal disappearing from wild riversPart of a lineage stretching back 170 million years, these ancient creatures are “living fossils” now at risk of extinction in the wild due to a deadly combination of over-exploitation, disease, and habitat loss. Long generation times make…

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Nature isn’t quite so natural anymore. Our interaction with the world around us has changed it drastically, and nowhere more so than in cities, vast artificial landscapes lacking in biodiversity. However, cities are also evolutionary hotspots, home to moths that changed color to camouflage themselves amongst pollution-stained trees, “superworms” that can munch on heavy metals, and birds that changed their tune to battle with noise pollution. Species are changing their bodies and behavior to fit into the human environment.According to a recent review paper published in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, these changes may be occurring much quicker than scientists imagined to be possible.“What the evidence is saying is that ‘rapid evolution’ is occurring,” Marina Alberti, the author of the study and a professor of urban and environmental planning at the University of Washington in Seattle, told mongabay.comAs we build our cities we tinker with ecosystems, creating conditions that force species to adapt. In doing so we unleash change in wildlife communities. Previously scientists thought such change took a long time to occur. However, Alberti writes that “human-driven trait changes occur roughly twice as fast as those driven by [natural] forces,” according to research cited in her paper.According to Alberti, if current evidence about the pace of change is correct there will be “significant implications for ecological and human wellbeing on a relatively short time scale.”In urban areas we change the number of species and their diversity, but we also create habitats — or a lack of them…

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Phenological mismatches, or a mistiming between creatures and the prey and plants they eat, is one of the biggest known impacts of climate change on ecological systems. But a new study finds that one common migratory songbird has a natural flexibility in its breeding time that has helped stave off mismatches, at least for now.

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Gallery photo by user antshrike
The British newspaper The Guardian has published an in depth article targeting the illegal trade in protected lizard species in Europe. The article details some of the species it’s undercover reporters encountered in their search, including Earless Monitor Lizards and Alligator Lizards, as well as others.

“All the specimens (of Earless Monitor Lizards) available outside Borneo have been illegally obtained and brought there,” Mark Auliya, IUCN’s monitor lizard specialist group

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) will hear proposals to ban the international trade in earless monitor and some arboreal alligator lizards at its next conference in South Africa in 2016.

To read more, check out The Guardian

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Happy Rattlesnake Friday! Gotta love a field found Black-tailed Rattlesnake in our Herp Photo of the day, uploaded by kingsnake.com user SDeFriez ! Be sure to tell them you liked it here!

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kingsnake.com gallery photo by chaz901
Four campers in Maryland that decided to go all “Bear Grylls” on a protected timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus, by killing it with a BB gun then grilling and eating it, have been sentenced to probation and a $200.00 fine and probation from 14 to 28 months each. Court records show the men from Glen Burnie plead guilty Tuesday in district court to possessing or destroying the snake, a state-protected species.

A fifth defendant is scheduled for trial Dec. 8.

To read more check out the story at ABC11.com …read more
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What a cute lil Punkin! Loving this gorgeous shot of a young Tokay Gecko in our Herp Photo of the day, uploaded by kingsnake.com user mfontenot ! Be sure to tell them you liked it here!

Upload your own reptile and amphibian photos photos at gallery.kingsnake.com, and you could see them featured here! …read more
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A black female Kaznakov’s viper.
One female is orange with black markings, one is almost all black, and the male is mostly orange. I can let you have them for, awwww—I’ve forgotten how much—but the amount was almost affordable so I became the owner of a viper taxon that I had long wanted to work with. These were Kaznakov’s vipers, Vipera kaznakovi.

This is a small (15 to 24 inch long), rather heavy bodied viper (females tend to be stouter than males and gravid females become noticeably heavy) of forested slopes of the Caucasus region, specifically of Georgia, Turkey, and a small area of Russia.

My 3 were housed in a naturalistic terrarium having a substrate of scree, 3 snake-sized caves, and a few live plantings. Of course a small dish of clean water was always present.

The little snakes quickly settled in and within days were accepting large prefrozen fuzzies from forceps. As spring turned to summer and summer to autumn, the vipers began breeding. They were cooled for about 60 days, and when warmed they again resumed breeding. Even during breeding the appetites of all 3 were always good. By late spring the female was noticeably gravid and by midsummer she presented us with 5 beautiful babies.

Sadly many of my records and notes became irretrievable when a recalcitrant computer chose to die so many particulars are now merely memories. But at least I can share a few pix with you. Enjoy.

Continue reading “A Kaznakov’s Experience” …read more
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By Herp News

In the mid 2000s, Patricia Parker of the University of Missouri-St. Louis and her colleagues were trying to solve a mystery. Concerned by how avian pox was wiping out several bird species on the Hawaiian Islands, the researchers wanted to find out if the disease was a threat to a unique bird species of another group of islands — the Galapagos. The team investigated which avian pox viruses were affecting birds in the Galapagos, and when and how these viruses may have been introduced there. They believed that determining this would help them protect the birds. The researchers found some of their answers in museum specimens. Between 2004 and 2008, the team combed through more than 10,000 specimens of taxidermied birds — including thousands of mockingbirds and finches — at the California Academy of Sciences and the Zoologische Staatssammlung in Munich (ZSM), Germany. Explorers had collected these birds during expeditions to the Galapagos Islands between 1891 and 1908. Parker and her team scanned the birds carefully, looking for wart-like growths on the birds, which could indicate possible infection by the avian pox virus. The team found that only specimens collected after 1898 had wart-like growths consistent with avian pox, suggesting that avian pox could have appeared in the Galapagos Islands in the early 20th century. A Chatham mockingbird (Mimus melanotus) collected in May 1899 from San Cristobal Island (in CAS collection). The lesion on the center left toe was sampled, and was found to be positive for an avian pox virus. Image from Parker et al, 2011. The…

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Photo: (Photo: Andrea Stetson/Special to The News-Press)

Two locations in Florida are reporting record sea turtle nests this year, despite the actual numbers of hatchlings being slightly lower than last year.

Collier County and Sanibel Island in Lee County smashed the turtle nesting record for the second year in a row, with 1,510 nests laid on Collier beaches this season and 522 nests laid on Sanibel.

“We had a really good year” “At the end of July we had storms that lasted over a period of 3-4 days with extremely high tides so we did have some inundations and some washouts,” “Last year we didn’t have any storm issues at all.” – Maura Kraus.

The 2015 numbers on Sanibel and Captiva include 26 green turtle nests, which is a record for green turtles as most of the turtles that lay eggs on the local beaches are loggerhead turtles.

To read the full article, visit The News Press.
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Every year I try to do something in my snake rooms that I have never done before. One thing I tried this year that actually worked out was having one of my Children’s Python maternally incubate her clutch of eggs. I found her on her clutch on 27 April 2015, but I think she laid her clutch 2 days before while I was out gathering native snake data. I kept her in a 28 quart box inside a rack system with 11 inch heat tape mounted on the back wall of the rack and maintained by a Ranco thermometer.

She placed her clutch right up against the tape in the back of the box, and stayed coiled on her clutch, not accepting any meals during the entire process. The clutch began to hatch on 22 June 2015. I found this interesting because I have had clutches hatch much more quickly when incubating with artificial incubation. Sure enough, the babies from this clutch proved to be strong feeders and continue to thrive. I also got a pretty even split of males and females in this clutch. It was fun, I had a good time doing it, and got some nice healthy babies when the process was completed. …read more
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By Herp News

[dropcap]F[/dropcap]ew places offer a glimpse of Indonesia’s forlorn environmental track record like Meru Betiri, a 58,000-hectare national park tucked away in the southeast corner of Java island. The park is perhaps best known as the last-known sighting of the Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) before it was declared extinct in the 1990s. Today environmentalists and the local community are working on a pilot program that offers some hope of a change in direction. “The people living around the forest should be engaged to defend the forest,” Arif Aliadi, a community organizer with the Indonesian Institute of Tropical Nature (Latin), told Mongabay. “If they maintain the forest, then they benefit. It’s not just money from produce, there is also the sale of carbon.” Indonesia’s vast land mass spanning three time zones was almost entirely covered in forests at the beginning of the 19th century. Today around half of its tropical forests has disappeared, with an estimated 6 million hectares lost between 2000 and 2012. A moratorium on new logging concessions on virgin “primary” forest was announced in 2011, but the evidence indicates it has failed to stop the rot. Meanwhile annual dry season fires have erupted on 2 million hectares of land this year as the El Nino weather phenomenon prolongs the annual burning season. Meru Betiri National Park in East Java. Photo by Petrus Riski Latin is one of a clutch of environmental NGOs trying to prune Indonesia’s growth in forest loss. In Meru Betiri, it is…

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Sucha lovely contrast against the blue, this Angolan Python takes the spotlight in our Herp Photo of the day, uploaded by kingsnake.com user EdCB ! Be sure to tell them you liked it here!

Upload your own reptile and amphibian photos photos at gallery.kingsnake.com, and you could see them featured here! …read more
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By Herp News

Species in Southeast Asia are in crisis.  Compared with most other regions, Southeast Asian countries — Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam — have a higher proportion of species that are categorized as threatened on the IUCN Red List. Southeast Asia also harbors large numbers of endemic species, and faces the highest rate of habitat loss compared to South America, Meso-America, and Sub-Saharan Africa. In fact, some studies have estimated that Southeast Asian countries could lose more than 60 percent of endemic taxa by 2100. Moreover, achieving conservation goals in these countries remains a big challenge due to lack of resources and funding, corruption, apathy, poverty, and booming human populations. Sumatran Rhinos are critically endangered. Photo by S. Ellis | Wikimedia Commons CC BY 2.0. Given the staggering rate at which species are disappearing in the region, and the urgency to save them, the IUCN Species Survival Commission and other international conservation organizations have come together to form the Asian Species Action Partnership (ASAP!). The main aim of ASAP is to “mobilize support where it is urgently needed, drawing on the collaborative expertise of conservation practitioners; pooling resources, maximizing efficiency and influencing political will by communicating the issues to a global audience”. ASAP prioritizes conservation of critically endangered species in Southeast Asia, such as the charismatic Sumatran Rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), the Siamese Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) and the Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii), as well as numerous lesser-known, but critical species, such as Sir David’s long-beaked…

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